Start keychip proto docs
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templates/pages/sega/hardware/keychip.html
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templates/pages/sega/hardware/keychip.html
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{% extends "sega.html" %} {% block title %}Ring Keychip{% endblock %} {% block body %}
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<h1>Ring Keychip</h1>
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<p>
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The Ring keychip is arguably simultaniously one of the most overkill while least utilised parts of the system.
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On-board is a PIC microcontroller, a dedicated cryptography chip, a hardware SHA engine for authentication, and
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flash storage.
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</p>
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<h2>Protocol</h2>
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<p>
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The PIC communicates with the system using a parallel bus. This bus is exposed physically on the keychip connector,
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and in software can be accessed using <code>\\.\mxparallel</code>. All bus communication is encrypted using AES 128
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ECB, using a different key for each data direction. Send/receive is defined from the perspective of the Ring system.
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That is, the "Send" key handles data from the Ring to the keychip, and the "Receive" key handles data from the
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keychip to the Ring. The initial key values are:
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</p>
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<h3>Initial receive key:</h3>
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<pre><code>75 6f 72 61 74 6e 65 6b 61 6d 69 68 73 75 6b 75</code></pre>
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<h3>Initial send key:</h3>
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<pre><code>66 6E 65 6B 65 72 61 77 64 72 61 68 61 67 65 73</code></pre>
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<p>
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All packets are first prefixed by a command ordinal (see below), then command-specific information. The base unit of
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transfer is 16 bytes due to AES 128. Unused bytes can contain anything, however mxkeychip chooses to pad using
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random bytes derrived from the current system time.
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</p>
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<h3>Command Ordinals</h3>
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<table>
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<thead>
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<tr>
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<td>Ordinal</td>
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<td>Command</td>
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</tr>
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</thead>
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<td><code>0</code></td>
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<td>SetKeyS</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><code>1</code></td>
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<td>SetKeyR</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><code>2</code></td>
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<td>SetIv</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><code>3</code></td>
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<td>Decrypt</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><code>4</code></td>
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<td>Encrypt</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><code>5</code></td>
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<td>GetAppBootInfo</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><code>6</code></td>
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<td>EepromWrite</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><code>7</code></td>
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<td>EepromRead</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><code>8</code></td>
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<td>NvramWrite</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><code>9</code></td>
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<td>NvramRead</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><code>10</code></td>
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<td>AddPlayCount</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><code>11</code></td>
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<td>FlashRead</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><code>12</code></td>
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<td>FlashErase</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><code>13</code></td>
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<td></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><code>14</code></td>
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<td>FlashWrite</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><code>15</code></td>
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<td></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><code>16</code></td>
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<td></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><code>17</code></td>
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<td></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><code>18</code></td>
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<td></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><code>19</code></td>
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<td></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><code>20</code></td>
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<td>KcGetVersion</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><code>21</code></td>
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<td>SetMainId</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><code>22</code></td>
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<td>GetMainId</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><code>23</code></td>
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<td>SetKeyId</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><code>24</code></td>
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<td>GetKeyId</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><code>25</code></td>
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<td>GetPlayCounter</td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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<h3>SetKeyS</h3>
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<p>Sets the "send" encryption key. The key is changed before communication of the reply.</p>
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<h4>Request</h4>
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<table>
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<thead>
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<tr>
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<td>0</td>
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<td>1</td>
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<td>2</td>
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<td>3</td>
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<td>4</td>
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<td>5</td>
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<td>6</td>
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<td>7</td>
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<td>8</td>
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<td>9</td>
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<td>A</td>
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<td>B</td>
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<td>C</td>
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<td>D</td>
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<td>E</td>
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<td>F</td>
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</tr>
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</thead>
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<tr>
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<td>0</td>
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<td colspan="15"><i>unused</i></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td colspan="16">"send" encryption key</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<h4>Response</h4>
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<table>
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<thead>
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<tr>
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<td>0</td>
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<td>1</td>
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<td>2</td>
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<td>3</td>
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<td>4</td>
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<td>5</td>
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<td>6</td>
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<td>7</td>
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<td>8</td>
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<td>9</td>
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<td>A</td>
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<td>B</td>
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<td>C</td>
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<td>D</td>
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<td>E</td>
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<td>F</td>
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</tr>
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</thead>
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<tr>
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<td>0</td>
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<td colspan="15"><i>unused</i></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<h3>SetKeyR</h3>
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<p>Sets the "receive" encryption key. The key is changed before communication of the reply.</p>
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<h4>Request</h4>
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<table>
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<thead>
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<tr>
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<td>0</td>
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<td>1</td>
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<td>2</td>
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<td>3</td>
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<td>4</td>
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<td>5</td>
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<td>6</td>
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<td>7</td>
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<td>8</td>
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<td>9</td>
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<td>A</td>
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<td>B</td>
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<td>C</td>
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<td>D</td>
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<td>E</td>
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<td>F</td>
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</tr>
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</thead>
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<tr>
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<td>1</td>
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<td colspan="15"><i>unused</i></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td colspan="16">"receive" encryption key</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<h4>Response</h4>
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<table>
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<thead>
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<tr>
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<td>0</td>
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<td>1</td>
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<td>2</td>
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<td>3</td>
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<td>4</td>
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<td>5</td>
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<td>6</td>
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<td>7</td>
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<td>8</td>
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<td>9</td>
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<td>A</td>
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<td>B</td>
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<td>C</td>
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<td>D</td>
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<td>E</td>
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<td>F</td>
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</tr>
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</thead>
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<tr>
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<td>1</td>
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<td colspan="15"><i>unused</i></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<h3>SetIv</h3>
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<p>Reset the game key IV to its initial value</p>
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<h4>Request</h4>
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<table>
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<thead>
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<tr>
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<td>0</td>
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<td>1</td>
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<td>2</td>
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<td>3</td>
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<td>4</td>
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<td>5</td>
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<td>6</td>
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<td>7</td>
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<td>8</td>
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<td>9</td>
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<td>A</td>
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<td>B</td>
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<td>C</td>
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<td>D</td>
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<td>E</td>
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<td>F</td>
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</tr>
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</thead>
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<tr>
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<td>2</td>
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<td colspan="15"><i>unused</i></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<h4>Response</h4>
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<table>
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<thead>
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<tr>
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<td>0</td>
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<td>1</td>
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<td>2</td>
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<td>3</td>
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<td>4</td>
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<td>5</td>
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<td>6</td>
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<td>7</td>
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<td>8</td>
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<td>9</td>
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<td>A</td>
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<td>B</td>
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<td>C</td>
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<td>D</td>
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<td>E</td>
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<td>F</td>
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</tr>
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</thead>
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<tr>
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<td>2</td>
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<td colspan="15"><i>unused</i></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<h3>Decrypt</h3>
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<p>Decrypt a block of data using the game key</p>
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<h4>Request</h4>
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<table>
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<thead>
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<tr>
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<td>0</td>
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<td>1</td>
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<td>2</td>
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<td>3</td>
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<td>4</td>
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<td>5</td>
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<td>6</td>
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<td>7</td>
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<td>8</td>
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<td>9</td>
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<td>A</td>
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<td>B</td>
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<td>C</td>
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<td>D</td>
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<td>E</td>
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<td>F</td>
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</tr>
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</thead>
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<tr>
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<td>3</td>
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<td colspan="15"><i>unused</i></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td colspan="16">ciphertext to decrypt</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<h4>Request</h4>
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<table>
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<thead>
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<tr>
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<td>0</td>
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<td>1</td>
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<td>2</td>
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<td>3</td>
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<td>4</td>
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<td>5</td>
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<td>6</td>
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<td>7</td>
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<td>8</td>
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<td>9</td>
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<td>A</td>
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<td>B</td>
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<td>C</td>
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<td>D</td>
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<td>E</td>
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<td>F</td>
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</tr>
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</thead>
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<tr>
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<td>3</td>
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<td colspan="15"><i>unused</i></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td colspan="16">decrypted plaintext</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<h3>Encrypt</h3>
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<p>Encrypt a block of data using the game key</p>
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<h4>Request</h4>
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<table>
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<thead>
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<tr>
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<td>0</td>
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<td>1</td>
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<td>2</td>
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<td>3</td>
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<td>4</td>
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<td>5</td>
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<td>6</td>
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<td>7</td>
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<td>8</td>
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<td>9</td>
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<td>A</td>
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<td>B</td>
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<td>C</td>
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<td>D</td>
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<td>E</td>
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<td>F</td>
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</tr>
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</thead>
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<tr>
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<td>4</td>
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<td colspan="15"><i>unused</i></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td colspan="16">plaintext to encrypt</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<h4>Request</h4>
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<table>
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<thead>
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<tr>
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<td>0</td>
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<td>1</td>
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<td>2</td>
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<td>3</td>
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<td>4</td>
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<td>5</td>
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<td>6</td>
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<td>7</td>
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<td>8</td>
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<td>9</td>
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<td>A</td>
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<td>B</td>
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<td>C</td>
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<td>D</td>
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<td>E</td>
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<td>F</td>
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</tr>
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</thead>
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<tr>
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<td>4</td>
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<td colspan="15"><i>unused</i></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td colspan="16">encrypted ciphertext</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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{% endblock %}
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